The effect of exercises using the Zahorek model on developing the spiking and blocking skills of students in volleyball
Main Article Content
Abstract
The research aimed to prepare skill exercises using the Zahorek volleyball model. The researcher created two equal groups, administering pre- and post-tests to employ the experimental method. The main study population consisted of thirty-two third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa. These students were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. The most important conclusions are: The Zahorek model, according to the educational curriculum, had a positive impact on developing the skills of smashing and blocking. Accordingly, the researcher recommended the use of new models aimed at developing team games skills
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Abdulrazzaq, N. K., Moseekh, L. Z., Ali, S., & Danhash, H. A. S. (2024). The effect of a proposed educational program using specific exercises to develop motor response, motor satisfaction, and short-term defensive movement skills in handball. A Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, International Journal, 33, 59–69.
Al-beyati, H. M. A., Nasser Radhi, M., & Rahman Mizher, N. (2024). The impact of the guided imagination technique on the education the skills of spiking and blocking in volleyball for students. Rasin Journal of Sports Activities and Movement Sciences, 5(2), 106–117. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/259317
Dalsada, G. M. A., Radhi, M. N., & Karim, G. M. (2024). Job satisfaction and its relationship to administrative motivation and organizational creativity of the administrative bodies of the volleyball sub-federations in Iraq. Rasin Journal of Sports Activities and Movement Sciences, 5(2), 1–17. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/259311
Fadhil, B. A., Radhi, M. N., Abbood, M. A., & Luaibi, S. I. (2025). The effect exercises of combining speed on short-term anaerobic (phosphate) capacity, and skill performance of young football players. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 35(2). https://doi.org/DOI:https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i2.1028
Moseekh, L. Z. (2006). The effect of a proposed curriculum for developing the basic skills of volleyball players. Journal of University of Anbar for Humanities, 2.
Moseekh, L. Z. (2022). The effect of complex anaerobic exercises in developing speed and performance of some technical skills in volleyball. Sciences Journal Of Physical Education, 15(Conference 8-1).
Nahida, A. Z. A.-D. et all. (2015). Modern volleyball and its specialized requirements (1st edition). Dar Al-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya.
Orlick, T., & Partington, J. (1988). Mental Links to Excellence. The Sport Psychologist, 2(2), 105–130. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2.2.105
Osama, K. R. (2004). Psychological Skills Training: Applications in the Sports Field (2nd ed, p. 85). Dar Al Fikr Al Arabi.
Oudh, M. T., & Issa, W. mohmmed. (2025). An analytical study of the most important biokinematic variables of the rise phase and their relationship to the fluidity of movement for the smash skill in volleyball. Journal of Sports Education Studies and Research, 105–114. https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i2.1020
Qalladah, F. S. (2000). Educational Objectives for Teaching Curricula (p. 117). New Publications House.
Shabib, S. S., Hammad, S. H., Wadi, D. H., & Jassim, R. S. (2024). The effect of special exercises with sensory stimuli on the concentration of attention and the accuracy of stabbing with the foil weapon among students. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 34(4), 50–60. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v34i4.852