The effect of specific exercises on developing specific endurance, some biomechanical variables, and performance in 100m backstroke swimmers
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aims to develop specific exercises to improve the endurance of 100-meter backstroke swimmers, taking into account certain biomechanical variables (stroke length, stroke time, and number of arm strokes). It also seeks to identify the values of these biomechanical variables that influence the motor performance of 100-meter backstroke swimmers. The researcher employed an experimental design with a single experimental group. A sample of eight young swimmers from the Maritime Sports Club, participating in the Olympic swimming program, was selected purposively to represent the research population. The most significant finding was the improvement in the endurance of the 100-meter backstroke swimmers and in the biomechanical variables under study (stroke length, stroke time, and number of arm strokes). The most important recommendation is to continue using the researcher's developed methodology for longer periods, particularly during the specialized training phase, to enhance the technical performance and achievement of young swimmers.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Abu Al-Ela, A. A. F. (1996). Hamal al-tadrib wa sihhat al-riyadi [Training load and athlete health]. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Alawi, M. H., & Rateb, O. K. (1999). Al-bahth al-'ilmi fi al-tarbiyah al-riyadiyah wa 'ilm al-nafs [Scientific research in physical education and psychology]. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.
Al-Basati, A. A. (1998). Usus wa qawa'id al-tadrib al-riyadi wa tatbiqatuhu [Foundations and principles of sports training and its applications]. Matba'at Al-Intisar.
Al-Mandlawi, Q., Kamil, S., & Naji, Q. (1989). Al-ikhtibarat wa al-qiyas wa al-taqwim fi al-tarbiyah al-riyadiyah [Tests, measurement, and evaluation in physical education]. Matabi' Al-Ta'lim Al-Ali fi Al-Mawsil.
Bastawisi, A. (1999). Usus wa nazariyat al-tadrib al-riyadi [Foundations and theories of sports training]. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Jami'at Al-Fatih.
Ezzal, Y. H. (2009). The effect of controlling breathing rate on some functional variables and the achievement of (50-100) meters freestyle swimming. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, *24*.
Habeeb Azzal, Y., & Mustafa Ahmed, A. (2025). The effect of training using the 4D PRO device on the starting speed and digital level in abdominal crawl swimmers for juniors. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, *35*(2). https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i2.1080
Hassan, W. Y., & Muhammad, H. (1999). Al-tatbiqat al-ihsa'iyyah wa istikhdamat al-hasub fi buhuth al-tarbiyah al-riyadiyah [Statistical applications and computer uses in physical education research]. Dar Al-Kutub lil-Tiba'ah wa Al-Nashr.
Hussain, A. F. (2011). The most important determinants for the selection of basic specialist beginner in swimming from the viewpoint of specialists. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, *30*(1818), 65–75.
Kadhim, M. A., Aldewan, L. H., & Azzal, Y. H. (2020). The effect of teaching according to the Realistic Learning Model in teaching the technical performance of freestyle swimming for first grade student. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, *62*, 330–343.
Kamel, S. E. (2024). The effect of special exercises using multimedia in teaching students to perform the free swimming activity. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, *34*(3), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v34i3.629
Kazim, M. A.-R., Abdulwahhab, G. H., & Mustafa, A. A. (2025). The effect of the Hilda model in learning some basic skills in freestyle swimming for students. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, *35*(2), 435–443. https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i2.787
LAMYAA, H., Mustafa, A. R. K., & Yassin, H. A. (2020). The effect of Constructive Learning Model in teaching the constructive learning of freestyle swimming for first grade students. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, *63*.
Othman, I. A., & Al-Zuhairi, N. A. (2021). The effect of self-review strategy according to Biggs model in learning free swimming skills and cognitive achievement. Journal of Sports Education Studies and Research, *31*(2), 351–363.
Ratib, O. K., & Abu Hatab, F. (1984). Mu'jam 'ilm al-nafs wa al-tarbiyah [Dictionary of psychology and education] (Vol. 1). Al-Matabi' Al-Amiriyah.
Yasin, W., & Muhammad, H. (1999). Al-tatbiqat al-ihsa'iyyah wa istikhdamat al-hasub fi buhuth al-tarbiyah al-riyadiyah [Statistical applications and computer uses in physical education research]. Dar Al-Kutub lil-Tiba'ah wa Al-Nashr.
IASJ
CC-BY-4.0
turnitin
ISSN
DOAJ
Crossref
GoogleScholar
Orcid