Evaluating the impact of administrative decision-making styles of the referees' panel on the effectiveness of refereeing performance in the Iraqi Premier League for football tennis
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The research aimed to uncover the prevailing administrative decision-making patterns within the football tennis referees committee. The researcher used the descriptive method with its survey and correlational approaches. The research population was defined as football tennis referees of different levels, totaling (128) referees. The researcher prepared two scales: a scale for administrative decision-making patterns and a scale for the effectiveness of refereeing performance. The researcher concluded that obtaining a medium level on the administrative decision-making patterns scale is a decisive indicator of the practices of the football tennis referees committee. The researcher recommended that the authorities responsible for the work of the football tennis referees committee in Iraq conduct a comprehensive and in-depth review of the administrative processes and procedures currently followed within this committee, with the aim of accurately identifying weaknesses and developing new mechanisms that ensure more transparent, effective, and efficient decision-making, thus ensuring the improvement of the refereeing system as a whole.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Aguirre-Loaiza, H., Holguín, J., Arenas, J., Núñez, C., Barbosa-Granados, S., & García-Mas, A. (2020). Psychological characteristics of sports performance: Analysis of professional and semiprofessional football referees. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(4), 1861–1868.
Al-Abbar, B. M., & Adel Rabah, Y. (2020). The impact of organizational change on the administrative decision-making process: A field study on Libyan public hospitals operating in the city of Benghazi. The Scientific Journal of University of Benghazi, 33(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.37376/sjuob.v33i2.268
Al-Hamdani, A. H. (2022). The impact of decision-making patterns among administrative leaders at Sana’a University on the job performance of subordinates. Journal of Amran University, 2, 78–157.
Allah, A. S. M., Nazzal, A. H. J., & Ahmed, H. A. (2025). An analytical study of the reality of sports media systems in the (Gulf 25) Championship from the point of view of media professionals. Journal of Sports Education Studies and Research, 35(2), 420–434. https://doi.org/DOI:https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i2.1048
Al-Shaykhli, S. M. (2015). Beyond Perception of the Laws of the Game and its Relationship to the Accuracy and Correctness of Decisions by International Football Referees. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference at the College of Physical Education/Baghdad.
Al-Zawi, A.-A. (2023). A Study of the Impact of Quality of Work Life on the Effectiveness of Administrative Decision-Making - An Applied Study on Ajdabiya University. Ournal of Science and Humanities - Al-Marj, 14, 1–15.
Appiah, B., & Amoah-Oppong, D. (n.d.). The impact of refereeing decisions on match outcomes in soccer: Perceptions and realities.
Barsbu, Y., Alaeddin, K. C., & Sport Science. (2020). Values of Football Referees. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 22(2), 161–170.
Bin Masoud, M. M. (2022). The performance of administrative leaders and its impact on the effectiveness of administrative decisions in banking institutions. Al-Asmarya University Journal, 35(4), 415–395. https://doi.org/10.59743/jau.v35i4.1396
Butler, D., Butler, R., & Singleton, C. (2025). Objective Calls Under the Spotlight: Referee Consistency and Behaviour on Football’s Biggest Stage.
Dicks, M., O’Hare, D., Button, C., & Mascarenhas, D. R. D. (2009). Physical Performance and Decision Making in Association Football Referees: A Naturalistic Study. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 2(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399X00902010001
Gaoua, N., de Oliveira, R. F., & Hunter, S. (2017). Perception, Action, and Cognition of Football Referees in Extreme Temperatures: Impact on Decision Performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01479
Gill, S. A., Butt, M. Z. I., & ud Din, B. M. (2022). A Comparative Study of Referee and General Self-Efficacy between Football and Hockey Elite Referees of Pakistan. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 59(1), 241.
Hashim, A., & Yousif, T. (2024). Decision-making by the administrative bodies of sports clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier League for football for the 2022-2023 season. Journal of Physical Education, 36(4), 911–922. https://doi.org/10.37359/JOPE.V36(4)2024.1976
Iv. Ivanov, & G. Ignatov. (2024). MENTAL SKILLS AND BEHAVIORAL COPING STRATEGIES INELITE FOOTBALL REFEREES. TRAKIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 22(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.15547/tjs.2024.02.007
Jassim, D. R. (2024). Group cohesion among the players of the Iraqi youth national football tennis team. Wasit Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(1), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.31185/wjoss.423
Majid, O., & Mohammad, I. M. (2018). Decision-Making Style of Educational Administrators with Reference to Their Experience. 3rd International Conference on Recent Research and Innovations in Social Science & Education. HyderabadIndia: Osmania University Centre for International Program, 98–104.
Mohamed, M. M. (2025). Refereeing performance as a result of the smart leadership of referees in the Iraqi Volleyball Federation. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 35(2), 394–406. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i2.1086
Mohammed, H. A., & Yahia, O. F. (2024). Refereeing Communication and its Relationship to Evaluating the Performance of Basketball Referees in Iraq. Sports Culture, 15(1), 495–504.
Mohammed, T. A. S., & Ayad, T. M. (2020). Evaluating Internal Control Activities and Their Role in Administrative Decision-Making (A Case Study in Kirkuk Water Directorate). Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 26(121), 85–106. https://doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v26i121.1942
Mukhlif, M. M., Asil, F. H., & Shallal, M. H. (2019). The Effect of Using Competitive Exercise in Motor Fitness and Speed of Transition for Football Players (Junior Class). Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(10), 2410. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.03221.2
Oladejo, M. A. (2019). Academic-Administrators’ Decision-Making Styles and Institutional Goal Attainment: A Descriptive Research in the University Context. International Journal of Educational Excellence, 5(2), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.18562/IJEE.047
Rabhi, M., Harizi, R. A., Djoual, M. S., & Thamri, A. (2024). Empowering Work Teams as a Mechanism to Increase the Speed of Administrative Decision-Making. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 12(2), 145–165. https://doi.org/10.2478/mdke-2024-0010
Rahma, H. A.-N., & Othman, K. M. (2023). The Reality of Using Quantitative Methods in Administrative Decision-Making: A Field Study of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Arab Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 19 (Part 2), 1–37.
Samuel, R. D., Galily, Y., & Hochman, G. (2025). The “silent” noise: moving forward from bias to noise in football referees’ decision-making. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2025.2453462
Shaqra, R. K. A., & Alsadi, M. (2025). The Mediating Role of Strategic Intelligence in the Relationship Between Administrative Creativity and Decision-Making Styles in Jordanian Universities. Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 5(2), e04019. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe04019
Taha, M. M., & Gharagheer, A. S. (2023). An analytical study of leadership traits among referees of team sports in Jordan. Dirasat: Educational Sciences, 50(3), 119–137. https://doi.org/10.35516/edu.v50i3.2440
IASJ
CC-BY-4.0
turnitin
ISSN
DOAJ
Crossref
GoogleScholar
Orcid