Abdullah, A. (2021). The relationship between problem-solving skills, collaboration, and decision-making. Peer-Reviewed Journal of the Faculty of Education, Helwan University.

Abdulrahim, M. M. (2023). Cognitive flexibility and its relationship with subjective vitality among university students. Journal of Reading and Knowledge, New Cairo, Egypt.

Abu Al-Maati, R. E. (2023). The strategy of alternatives based on electronic mind maps in developing generative thinking skills through teaching social studies. Faculty of Education, Mansoura University.

Al-Asaf, H. O., & Al-Zaq, A. Y. (2021). The level of cognitive flexibility among secondary-school students in light of some variables. Journal of the Islamic University for Educational and Psychological Studies.

Al-Hakim, A. S. J. (2004). Tests, measurement, and statistics in the sports field. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Al-Qadisiyah.

Al-Hazil, I. (2015). Cognitive flexibility among secondary-school students in Beersheba and its relationship with self-regulation in light of gender and grade-level variables [Unpublished master's thesis]. Amman Arab University for Graduate Studies, Amman, Jordan.

Al-Murad, N. Y. M., & Al-Jamas, I. T. M. (2022). Cognitive flexibility and the level of academic (practical) achievement among female students in the College and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul. University of Mosul, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.

Al-Sumidaie, L. G. (2010). Statistics and testing in the sports field (1st ed.). Dar Al-Kutub, Erbil.

Al-Zahrani, M. K. (2021). Scale of exploratory intellectual fluency: Construction and factor analysis. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.

Al-Zaq, A. Y., & Al-Asaf, H. O. (2021). The level of cognitive flexibility among secondary-school students in light of some variables. Journal of the Islamic University for Educational and Psychological Studies.

Bahi, M. H. (1999). Scientific practical coefficients between theory and application: Reliability, validity, objectivity, and norms. Cairo: Al-Kitab Center for Publishing.

Dasouqi, S. M., & Al-Maghazi, I. M. (2024). Construct validity of the cognitive flexibility scale.

Hana, A. (2001). Construction and standardization of a burnout scale for handball players [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. College of Physical Education, University of Baghdad.

Hakim, A. S. J. (2004). Tests, measurement, and statistics in the sports field. Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Al-Qadisiyah.

Hardman, K. (2008). Physical education in schools: a global perspective. Kinesiology, 40(1).

Jassim Khazal, H., Hassan Kadhum, W., AbdAli Hussein, R., & Hasan Mohammed, F. (2025). Psychological and social pressures on people with various disabilities from the perspective of their teachers in Iraq. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education 35Vol, 35(3), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i3.1078©Authors

Khazal, H. J., Kadhum, W. H., Hussein, R. A., & Mohammed, F. H. (2025). Psychological and social pressures on people with various disabilities from the perspective of their teachers in Iraq. Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education, 35(3), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.55998/jsrse.v35i3.1078

Li, F. (2025). Exploration on the innovation path of physical education teaching: The strategy of integrating personalized training and biosensor technology from the perspective of biomechanics. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 22(3).

Nazzal, A. H. J. (2014). Vision for the future of the risks and opportunities for professional sports in the sports clubs in football from the perspective of the players. Journal of Physical Education Studies and Research, 37, 38.

Tirla, A., Islam, F., Islam, M. R., Ioana Vicas, S., & Cavalu, S. (2022). New insight and future perspectives on nutraceuticals for improving sports performance of combat players: focus on natural supplements, importance and advantages over synthetic ones. Applied Sciences, 12(17), 8611.

Jandal, S. H. (2019). Sampling and sampling methods (3rd ed.). Dar Al-Bidaya Publishers and Distributors.

Kidder, L. K. (1987). Research methods in relation (Vol. 4). Holt, Rinehart.

Mahmoud, N. I. (2019). The effect of using the Think–Pair–Share strategy on developing creative intellectual fluency among university students. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Benha University.

Mohammed, M. K. A. (2025). The extent to which artificial intelligence can be applied in colleges and departments of physical education. Journal of Studies and Research in Physical Education, University of Mosul.

Mohsen, M. A. (2014). The effectiveness of an enrichment program based on the successful intelligence theory in developing creative problem-solving and decision-making skills among gifted secondary-school students. Journal of Specific Education Research, Faculty of Education, Damietta University.

Qaisi, T. D. S. (2020). Statistical methods for calculating the validity and reliability of tests and scales using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 (Vol. 1). Amman, Jordan: Dar Amjad for Publishing and Distribution.

Ridwan, B. M. S. (2021). Cognitive flexibility and its relationship with research self-efficacy and mastery motivation among postgraduate students. Journal of Psychological Counseling.

Salem, S. A. (2019). The effectiveness of an enrichment program based on blended learning in developing creative-thinking skills and achievement motivation among secondary-school students. Journal of Educational Sciences, Al-Azhar University.

Younes, A. Y., Shabib, S. S., Ghazi, M. A., & Mohammed, L. H. (2024). Developing physical education curricula in the age of artificial intelligence. Journal of Educational Studies and Research, University of Mosul.

Younes, N. M., & Al-Jamas, I. T. M. (2022). Construction and application of a cognitive flexibility scale among female students of the College and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul. Al-Kufa Journal of Physical Education Sciences.

Younes, N. M., & Al-Jamas, I. T. M. (2022). Cognitive flexibility and the level of academic (practical) achievement among female students of the College and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul. University of Mosul, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.

Mudhkhir, O. A. (2022). Exploratory intellectual fluency: Concepts and applications. Dar Al-Fikr for Distribution, Amman, Jordan.

Hanin, M. A. (2023). The effect of the mobile sender strategy on cognitive flexibility and the performance of selected volleyball skills among secondary-school students [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women, University of Baghdad.

Ministry of Education of Saudi Arabia. (2024). Critical thinking and decision-making: Presenting/proposing alternatives. Ministry of Education, Saudi Arabia.